Can Cannabis oil help with Huntington’s Disease?
What is Huntington’s disease?
Huntington’s disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington’s disease has a broad impact on a person’s functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.
Most people with Huntington’s disease develop signs and symptoms in their 30s or 40s. But the disease may emerge earlier or later in life.
When the disease develops before age 20, the condition is called juvenile Huntington’s disease. An earlier emergence of the disease often results in a somewhat different set of symptoms and faster disease progression.
Common symptoms are as follows:
Huntington’s disease usually causes movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms. Which symptoms appear first varies greatly among affected people. During the course of the disease, some disorders appear to be more dominant or have a greater effect on functional ability.
1.Movement disorders
The movement disorders associated with Huntington’s disease can include both involuntary movement problems and impairments in voluntary movements, such as:
- Involuntary jerking or writhing movements (chorea)
- Muscle problems, such as rigidity or muscle contracture (dystonia)
- Slow or abnormal eye movements
- Impaired gait, posture and balance
- Difficulty with the physical production of speech or swallowing
Impairments in voluntary movements — rather than the involuntary movements — may have a greater impact on a person’s ability to work, perform daily activities, communicate and remain independent.
2.Cognitive disorders
Cognitive impairments often associated with Huntington’s disease include:
- Difficulty organizing, prioritizing or focusing on tasks
- Lack of flexibility or the tendency to get stuck on a thought, behavior or action (perseveration)
- Lack of impulse control that can result in outbursts, acting without thinking and sexual promiscuity
- Lack of awareness of one’s own behaviors and abilities
- Slowness in processing thoughts or ”finding” words
- Difficulty in learning new information
3.Psychiatric disorders
The most common psychiatric disorder associated with Huntington’s disease is depression. This isn’t simply a reaction to receiving a diagnosis of Huntington’s disease. Instead, depression appears to occur because of injury to the brain and subsequent changes in brain function. Signs and symptoms may include:
- Feelings of irritability, sadness or apathy
- Social withdrawal
- Insomnia
- Fatigue and loss of energy
- Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide
Other common psychiatric disorders include:
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder — a condition marked by recurrent, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
- Mania, which can cause elevated mood, overactivity, impulsive behavior and inflated self-esteem
- Bipolar disorder — a condition with alternating episodes of depression and mania
In addition to the above symptoms, weight loss is common in people with Huntington’s disease, especially as the disease progresses.
Symptoms of juvenile Huntington’s disease
The start and progression of Huntington’s disease in younger people may be slightly different from that in adults. Problems that often present themselves early in the course of the disease include:
1.Behavioral changes
- Loss of previously learned academic or physical skills
- Rapid, significant drop in overall school performance
- Behavioral problems
2.Physical changes
- Contracted and rigid muscles that affect gait (especially in young children)
- Changes in fine motor skills that might be noticeable in skills such as handwriting
- Tremors or slight involuntary movements
- Seizures
The effect of medical cannabis on Huntington’s disease
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major non-psychoactive cannabinoid of cannabis. Based on reports indicating possible efficacy of CBD in dystonic movements, CBD was given to three patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). The patients, aged 30 to 56, had HD of 7 to 12 years’ duration. Their condition has been slowly progressive and unresponsive to prior therapy with neuroleptics. Orally administered CBD was initiated at 300 mg/d and increased 1 week later to 600 mg/d for the next 3 weeks. Mild improvement (5 to 15%) in the choreia movements was documented using the tongue protrusion test and a chorea severity evaluation scale after the first week. Further improvement (20 to 40%) was noticed after the second week of CBD, and this remained stable for the following 2 weeks. Except for transient, mild hypotension, no side effects were recorded, and laboratory tests were normal. Withdrawal of CBD after 48 hours resulted in return of choreic movements to the pre-CBD state.
Researchers from the Ramon y Cajal University Hospital’s Foundation for Biomedical Investigation in Madrid have recently completed the first ever clinical trial to investigate a cannabis extract as a treatment for Huntington’s disease. The genetic mutation causes damage to striatal and cortical neurons, putting neuroprotective drugs at the forefront of Huntington’s disease research. Initial research has shown that cannabidiol (CBD), displays neuroprotective effects in mice with similar conditions to the disease. Experimental evidence showed researchers that CBD aid neurons with its antioxidant properties. Though CBD and THC are almost identical molecules, CBD’s arrangement allows it to be a powerful antioxidant that is also safe and tolerable at high doses in humans.
In a later experiment, CBD and THC administered together at equal ratios also caused similar but enhanced neuroprotective effects to CBD alone. The endocannabinoid system is intricately tied to the progression of Huntington’s disease and researchers have discovered that early on.
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DISCLAIMER
The information contained herein is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, it is provided in an educational capacity. You assume full responsibility for how you choose to use this information. Always seek the advice of your qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or discontinuing an existing treatment. Talk with your healthcare provider about any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Nothing contained herein is intended to be used for medical diagnosis or treatment.
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